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#include <Windows.h>
#include <cstdio>

VOID PrintHex(PBYTE Data, ULONG dwBytes) {
  for (ULONG i = 0; i < dwBytes; i += 16) {
    printf("%.8x: ", i);

    for (ULONG j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
      if (i + j < dwBytes) {
        printf("%.2x ", Data[i + j]);
      }
      else {
        printf("?? ");
      }
    }

    for (ULONG j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
      if (i + j < dwBytes && Data[i + j] >= 0x20 && Data[i + j] <= 0x7e) {
        printf("%c", Data[i + j]);
      }
      else {
        printf(".");
      }
    }

    printf("\n");
  }
}

DWORD ThreadRoutine(LPVOID lpParameter) {
  // Wait for the main thread to call ReadDirectoryChanges().
  Sleep(500);

  // Perform a filesystem operation which results in two records (FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_OLD_NAME and FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_NEW_NAME)
  // being returned at once.
  MoveFile(L"a\\b", L"a\\c");

  return 0;
}

int main() {
  // Create a local "a" directory.
  if (!CreateDirectory(L"a", NULL)) {
    printf("CreateDirectory failed, %d\n", GetLastError());
    return 1;
  }

  // Open the newly created directory.
  HANDLE hDirectory = CreateFile(L"a", GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
  if (hDirectory == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    printf("CreateFile(a) failed, %d\n", GetLastError());
    RemoveDirectory(L"a");
    return 1;
  }

  // Create a new file in the "a" directory.
  HANDLE hNewFile = CreateFile(L"a\\b", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, NULL, CREATE_NEW, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
  if (hNewFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    CloseHandle(hNewFile);
  }

  // Create a new thread which will modify the directory (rename a file within).
  CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadRoutine, NULL, 0, NULL);

  // Wait for changes in the directory and read them into a 1024-byte buffer.
  BYTE buffer[1024] = { /* zero padding */ };
  DWORD BytesRead = 0;
  if (!ReadDirectoryChangesW(hDirectory, buffer, sizeof(buffer), FALSE, FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME, &BytesRead, NULL, NULL)) {
    printf("ReadDirectoryChanges failed, %d\n", GetLastError());
    DeleteFile(L"a\\c");
    RemoveDirectory(L"a");
    return 1;
  }

  // Dump the output on screen.
  PrintHex(buffer, BytesRead);
  
  // Free resources.
  DeleteFile(L"a\\c");
  RemoveDirectory(L"a");

  return 0;
}