I the required symbol is installed by: 
yum install gtk3-devel

Can this issue be prevented by making the chrome rpm depend on gtk3-devel?

Can be an RB if reproducible.

Tom: any idea why the devel package would fix this? Depending on a devel package doesn't seem right to me.

Gtk 3.10 added that symbol, so it should be missing in 3.0 - 3.9.  OP, did installing gtk3-devel somehow update your libgtk-3.so to a later version?

FWIW, we no longer need that symbol after this cl:
https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/4313334bead373b139eee72f47d43fbe6162a8f4

From what I can tell, I did not have libgtk-3.so AT ALL with Chrome 59.

That's especially odd given that libgtk-3.so.0 is a dependency:
https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/chrome/installer/linux/rpm/expected_deps_x86_64?l=48

what is the output of 'rpm -qpR /path/to/google-chrome.rpm'

I can't find a google-chrome-stable-59*.rpm, but I can show the output for
60:

$ rpm -qpR google-chrome-stable-60.0.3112.78-1.x86_64.rpm
lsb >= 4.0
libnss3.so(NSS_3.19.1)(64bit)
libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.18)(64bit)
wget
xdg-utils
zlib
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2()(64bit)
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2(GLIBC_2.3)(64bit)
libasound.so.2()(64bit)
libatk-1.0.so.0()(64bit)
libcairo.so.2()(64bit)
libc.so.6()(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.11)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.15)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.2)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.4)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.4)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.6)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.7)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.9)(64bit)
libcups.so.2()(64bit)
libdbus-1.so.3()(64bit)
libdl.so.2()(64bit)
libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
libexpat.so.1()(64bit)
libfontconfig.so.1()(64bit)
libgcc_s.so.1()(64bit)
libgcc_s.so.1(GCC_3.0)(64bit)
libgcc_s.so.1(GCC_4.0.0)(64bit)
libgconf-2.so.4()(64bit)
libgdk-3.so.0()(64bit)
libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0()(64bit)
libgio-2.0.so.0()(64bit)
libglib-2.0.so.0()(64bit)
libgmodule-2.0.so.0()(64bit)
libgobject-2.0.so.0()(64bit)
*libgtk-3.so.0()(64bit)*
libm.so.6()(64bit)
libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
libnspr4.so()(64bit)
libnss3.so()(64bit)
libnssutil3.so()(64bit)
libpango-1.0.so.0()(64bit)
libpangocairo-1.0.so.0()(64bit)
libpthread.so.0()(64bit)
libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.3.2)(64bit)
libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.3.3)(64bit)
librt.so.1()(64bit)
librt.so.1(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
libsmime3.so()(64bit)
libstdc++.so.6()(64bit)
libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.11)(64bit)
libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.14)(64bit)
libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit)
libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.19)(64bit)
libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4)(64bit)
libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.9)(64bit)
libX11.so.6()(64bit)
libX11-xcb.so.1()(64bit)
libxcb.so.1()(64bit)
libXcomposite.so.1()(64bit)
libXcursor.so.1()(64bit)
libXdamage.so.1()(64bit)
libXext.so.6()(64bit)
libXfixes.so.3()(64bit)
libXi.so.6()(64bit)
libXrandr.so.2()(64bit)
libXrender.so.1()(64bit)
libXss.so.1()(64bit)
libXtst.so.6()(64bit)
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives
/bin/sh
/bin/sh
/bin/sh
/bin/sh
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1

If you remove the gtk3-devel package, does chrome still fail to launch?

@ tayloryork : Could you please update on Comment #8 of the issue which would help us to triage the issue further.

Thanks in Advance.

After removing gtk3-devel, chrome DOES work.
However, yum remove gtk3-devel did not remove the /lib64/libgtk-3.so file,
so it makes sense why chrome work would.

I tried to reproduce the issue with a Dockerfile, but being Red Hat, I ran
into subscription manager issues.

Thank you for providing more feedback. Adding requester "rbasuvula@chromium.org" to the cc list and removing "Needs-Feedback" label.

For more details visit https://www.chromium.org/issue-tracking/autotriage - Your friendly Sheriffbot

Here's what I think happened:
* your libgtk-3.so was a version less than 3.10.  This would explain why only gdk_screen_get_monitor_scale_factor was undefined, and there was no error about a missing libgtk-3.so file
* some updates ran which bumped the gtk version to >=3.10
* now chrome works

Based on that, I'm going to say that this is working as intended.  If the problem resurfaces, I'd be happy to reopen the issue and investigate further :)