Thanks for the report. This is a known issue that has been fixed. From the duped bug:

"""
The trigger conditions are reasonably rare (involves searchdomaincheck telling Chrome to update the Google TLD + the update triggering a modification of the template URL vector during iteration).
""

That typically happens if you're switching geographic areas. The fix is in Chrome 56 (beta channel).

(lldb) target create "chrome-mac/Google Chrome.app" --core "core.37770"
warning: (x86_64) /Users/rsesek/Downloads/core/core.37770 load command 630 LC_SEGMENT_64 has a fileoff + filesize (0x5445f000) that extends beyond the end of the file (0x5445e000), the segment will be truncated to match
Core file '/Users/rsesek/Downloads/core/core.37770' (x86_64) was loaded.
(lldb) bt
Google Chrome Framework was compiled with optimization - stepping may behave oddly; variables may not be available.
* thread #1: tid = 0x0000, 0x0000000106363544 Google Chrome Framework`TemplateURL::HasGoogleBaseURLs(SearchTermsData const&) const [inlined] std::__1::vector<TemplateURLRef, std::__1::allocator<TemplateURLRef> >::begin() const at vector:1466, stop reason = signal SIGSTOP
  * frame #0: 0x0000000106363544 Google Chrome Framework`TemplateURL::HasGoogleBaseURLs(SearchTermsData const&) const [inlined] std::__1::vector<TemplateURLRef, std::__1::allocator<TemplateURLRef> >::begin() const at vector:1466 [opt]
    frame #1: 0x0000000106363544 Google Chrome Framework`TemplateURL::HasGoogleBaseURLs(this=0x0000000000000000, search_terms_data=0x00007fb55d686410) const + 20 at template_url.cc:1292 [opt]
    frame #2: 0x0000000106374f5c Google Chrome Framework`TemplateURLService::GoogleBaseURLChanged(this=<unavailable>) + 156 at template_url_service.cc:1841 [opt]
    frame #3: 0x000000010579e825 Google Chrome Framework`GoogleURLTracker::OnURLFetchComplete(net::URLFetcher const*) [inlined] base::internal::RunMixin<base::Callback<void (), (base::internal::CopyMode)1, (base::internal::RepeatMode)1> >::Run() const + 2 at callback.h:64 [opt]
    frame #4: 0x000000010579e823 Google Chrome Framework`GoogleURLTracker::OnURLFetchComplete(net::URLFetcher const*) [inlined] void base::CallbackList<void ()>::Notify<>() + 44 at callback_list.h:219 [opt]
    frame #5: 0x000000010579e7f7 Google Chrome Framework`GoogleURLTracker::OnURLFetchComplete(this=<unavailable>, source=<unavailable>) + 759 at google_url_tracker.cc:119 [opt]
    frame #6: 0x00000001041cfad9 Google Chrome Framework`base::debug::TaskAnnotator::RunTask(char const*, base::PendingTask const&) [inlined] base::internal::RunMixin<base::Callback<void (), (base::internal::CopyMode)1, (base::internal::RepeatMode)1> >::Run() const + 6 at callback.h:64 [opt]
    frame #7: 0x00000001041cfad3 Google Chrome Framework`base::debug::TaskAnnotator::RunTask(this=<unavailable>, queue_function="MessageLoop::PostTask", pending_task=0x00007fff5d444f18) + 195 at task_annotator.cc:54 [opt]
    frame #8: 0x00000001041f2b78 Google Chrome Framework`base::MessageLoop::RunTask(this=<unavailable>, pending_task=<unavailable>) + 472 at message_loop.cc:405 [opt]
    frame #9: 0x00000001041f2e7c Google Chrome Framework`base::MessageLoop::DeferOrRunPendingTask(this=0x00007fb55ad3cd80, pending_task=PendingTask @ 0x00007fff5d444f18) + 44 at message_loop.cc:414 [opt]
    frame #10: 0x00000001041f3223 Google Chrome Framework`base::MessageLoop::DoWork(this=<unavailable>) + 371 at message_loop.cc:513 [opt]
    frame #11: 0x00000001041f532d Google Chrome Framework`base::MessagePumpCFRunLoopBase::RunWork(this=0x00007fb55ad43630) + 45 at message_pump_mac.mm:330 [opt]
    frame #12: 0x00000001041e822a Google Chrome Framework`___lldb_unnamed_symbol100143$$Google Chrome Framework + 10 at call_with_eh_frame_asm.S:36
    frame #13: 0x00000001041f4d44 Google Chrome Framework`base::MessagePumpCFRunLoopBase::RunWorkSource(info=<unavailable>) + 68 at message_pump_mac.mm:306 [opt]
    frame #14: 0x00007fff988c47e1 CoreFoundation`__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 17
    frame #15: 0x00007fff988a3f1c CoreFoundation`__CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 556
    frame #16: 0x00007fff988a343f CoreFoundation`__CFRunLoopRun + 927
    frame #17: 0x00007fff988a2e38 CoreFoundation`CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 296
    frame #18: 0x00007fff90345935 HIToolbox`RunCurrentEventLoopInMode + 235
    frame #19: 0x00007fff9034576f HIToolbox`ReceiveNextEventCommon + 432
    frame #20: 0x00007fff903455af HIToolbox`_BlockUntilNextEventMatchingListInModeWithFilter + 71
    frame #21: 0x00007fff917e5df6 AppKit`_DPSNextEvent + 1067
    frame #22: 0x00007fff917e5226 AppKit`-[NSApplication _nextEventMatchingEventMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue:] + 454
    frame #23: 0x00007fff917d9d80 AppKit`-[NSApplication run] + 682
    frame #24: 0x00000001041f5b4e Google Chrome Framework`base::MessagePumpNSApplication::DoRun(this=<unavailable>, delegate=<unavailable>) + 286 at message_pump_mac.mm:665 [opt]
    frame #25: 0x00000001041f518c Google Chrome Framework`base::MessagePumpCFRunLoopBase::Run(this=0x00007fb55ad43630, delegate=0x00007fb55ad3cd80) + 92 at message_pump_mac.mm:238 [opt]
    frame #26: 0x000000010420f361 Google Chrome Framework`base::RunLoop::Run(this=0x00007fff5d4468a0) + 113 at run_loop.cc:35 [opt]
    frame #27: 0x0000000103dcff65 Google Chrome Framework`ChromeBrowserMainParts::MainMessageLoopRun(this=0x00007fb55af01140, result_code=0x00007fb55af00fb8) + 181 at chrome_browser_main.cc:2116 [opt]
    frame #28: 0x000000010365e8f4 Google Chrome Framework`content::BrowserMainLoop::RunMainMessageLoopParts(this=0x00007fb55af00fa0) + 52 at browser_main_loop.cc:981 [opt]
    frame #29: 0x0000000103660ee2 Google Chrome Framework`content::BrowserMainRunnerImpl::Run(this=0x00007fb55af00290) + 18 at browser_main_runner.cc:155 [opt]
    frame #30: 0x000000010365ac7c Google Chrome Framework`content::BrowserMain(parameters=<unavailable>) + 124 at browser_main.cc:46 [opt]
    frame #31: 0x0000000103d8a55e Google Chrome Framework`content::ContentMainRunnerImpl::Run(this=<unavailable>) + 590 at content_main_runner.cc:779 [opt]
    frame #32: 0x0000000103d89796 Google Chrome Framework`content::ContentMain(params=<unavailable>) + 54 at content_main.cc:20 [opt]
    frame #33: 0x0000000102a233cc Google Chrome Framework`::ChromeMain(argc=1, argv=0x00007fff5d446b48) + 60 at chrome_main.cc:97 [opt]
    frame #34: 0x00000001027b9d4a Google Chrome`main(argc=1, argv=0x00007fff5d446b48) + 522 at chrome_exe_main_mac.c:85 [opt]
    frame #35: 0x00000001027b9b34 Google Chrome`start + 52