Version: 54.0.2840.59 (64 bit)
OS: Windows 10

Forum Post : https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chrome/yYLxdVi_BC4
After updating to  Windows 10 build 14942, Google Chrome started failing to launch. While I was trying to fix the issue, noticed that 14946 was published, and upgraded to that. The issue is still not resolved.

Visually, it appears that chrome's process is killed almost as soon as it begins. There is no visible error message or warning. Since Chrome cannot launch, I cannot access the crash logs at chrome://crashes for any detailed information.

Based on the crash dump that I found in %localappdata%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Crashpad\reports:
Exception Code: 0xC0000005
Exception Information: The thread tried to read from or write to a virtual address for which it does not have the appropriate access.

Forum Post : https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chrome/PJDZ_urj3uQ
Upon further analysis Windows was throwing an error that Chrome would not launch because it was missing chrome_elf.dll. This was on a brand new install on a PC that had never had Chrome on it before.

Forum Post : https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chrome/B9QYSDbWx_I
After 54.0.2840.59 update, Google Chrome will not open a browser window.
When going to uninstall it 'Programs and Features' will not start the uninstall, even after restarting the computer. To get it to uninstall I had to boot my computer into 'Safe Mode' where I was able to uninstall it.

Some other
https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chrome/lJ307khRyc4 (203 views)

Users tried
Fix 1:
Reboot
Run Chrome as Admin

Fix 2:
Uninstall Chrome
Reboot
Reinstall Chrome
Reboot

Fix 3:
uninstall chrome
Reboot
clean Chrome related AppData folders and Registry entries
Reboot
Reinstall chrome
Reboot

Fix 4
Moving on, I have repeated the uninstall steps in 'Safe Mode' and included by manually deleting any folder/application related to Chrome, including hidden folders. Even after this I am unable to get chrome to work with a fresh install.