Chrome Version       : 51.0.2704.84 AND 51.0.2704.106 m
URLs (if applicable) : https://jsfiddle.net/etramell/nst5edtq/
Other browsers tested:
    Firefox: OK 46.0.1
         IE: OK 11.0.9600.17728

What steps will reproduce the problem?
(NOTE: The jsfiddle URL above provides easy access to this example.)
(1) Start with a labeled <button> element with a negative text-indent style.
(2) Observe that the button's label is either shifted or not visible, depending on the magnitude of the text-indent.
(3) Use JavaScript to insert a <div> element BEFORE the button's label text.
(4) Observe that the button's label is now centered normally, because the text-indent style applies only to the first line, and the new <div> has presumably assumed that "first line" position.
(5) Use JavaScript to remove the previously inserted <div> element.


What is the expected result?
The button's label should honor the text-indent style because the DOM has been restored to its initial state.

What happens instead?
In Chrome, the button's label stays centered, apparently ignoring the text-indent style.  In other browsers, the text-indent is honored as expected.

Please provide any additional information below. Attach a screenshot if
possible.

Something changed in Chrome very recently to cause this problem.  It was not a problem in Chrome version 50.0.2661.102, but it was first noticed in 51.0.2704.84, so the change happened somewhere between those versions.

Note that the example above (as illustrated in the jsfiddle page linked above) is a toy example, distilled to the minimal configuration needed to reproduce the bug.

The real-world use case is that of a button with a text label (for screen readers) and an icon.  Using text-indent to shift a button label out of view is a common practice.  This issue happens when adding "wait" feedback to the button in the form of a spinner (see http://spin.js.org/).  That code embeds a <div> element to draw the spinner (and it also applies a 'color: transparent' to hide the label since text-indent temporarily does not apply to it).  When the spinner is later removed, our Chrome users can see both the text label AND the icon inside the button, which is obviously undesired behavior.