This is still an issue in the current version of Chrome.

Our current Citrix environment is still Citrix 6.0 (Server 2008R2). We are in the process of migrating to Citrix 7.8, but this will take time.

In terms of Chrome, the published app we are using is the 32bit version of ChromeEnterprise. There is reported issues with using the 64bit version of ChromeEnterprise - where by the command line switches --alow-no-sandbox-job and -disable-gpu do not function. I have been able to confirm this when I had installed it on a server initially. Uninstalling it and downgrading it to the 32bit version was the solution. 

ChromeEnterprise is being managed by our GPO's.

We have the published app starting with the appropriate "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\Chrome.exe" --allow-no-sandbox-job --disable-gpu settings. 

Everything is working fine as a standalone browser. Chrome is set as default.

HOWEVER - one MAJOR (for us) problem. Links from Outlook do not function.

When you click on a link within Outlook, Chrome launches, it has the link address in the address bar but fails to make a connection. It is like the --allow-no-sandbox-job setting gets disabled or turned off. It hangs. can't even get to the properties page of Chrome. 
This needs to function properly.
I'm going to test this in our Citrix 7.8 Environment (Server 2012R2) to see if this issue follows.