OS: Mac OS X 10.11.5
Chrome: 53.0.2777.0

An example of this configuration is dl.dropboxusercontent.com:

$ host -t A dl.dropboxusercontent.com
dl.dropboxusercontent.com is an alias for block-www.g1.dropbox.com.
block-www.g1.dropbox.com has address 108.160.173.5

$ host -t AAAA dl.dropboxusercontent.com
dl.dropboxusercontent.com is an alias for block-www.g1.dropbox.com.

Note that the domain *exists*, but there is no actual AAAA record for it.

On OS X, command line tools like dig(1) can resolve this domain without issue, but both Chrome and Safari report NXDOMAIN when trying to navigate to it. Chrome's HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_JOB looks like this:

31270: HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_JOB
dl.dropboxusercontent.com
Start Time: 2016-06-23 14:35:11.274

t=166896 [st=0] +HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_JOB  [dt=2]
                 --> host = "dl.dropboxusercontent.com"
                 --> source_dependency = 31269 (CONNECT_JOB)
t=166896 [st=0]    HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_JOB_STARTED
t=166896 [st=0]   +HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_PROC_TASK  [dt=2]
t=166896 [st=0]      HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_ATTEMPT_STARTED
                     --> attempt_number = 1
t=166896 [st=0]      HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_JOB_REQUEST_ATTACH
                     --> priority = "HIGHEST"
                     --> source_dependency = 31269 (CONNECT_JOB)
t=166898 [st=2]      HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_ATTEMPT_FINISHED
                     --> attempt_number = 1
                     --> net_error = -105 (ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED)
                     --> os_error = 8
                     --> os_error_string = "nodename nor servname provided, or not known"
t=166898 [st=2]   -HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_PROC_TASK
                   --> net_error = -105 (ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED)
                   --> os_error = 8
                   --> os_error_string = "nodename nor servname provided, or not known"
t=166898 [st=2] -HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_JOB
                 --> net_error = -105 (ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED)

This suggests that the system resolver is returning EAI_NONAME ("hostname nor servname provided, or not known") instead of EAI_NODATA ("no address associated with hostname") in this situation.